Référence bibliographique [2448]
Lehoux, Pascale M. et Howe, Nina. 2007. «Perceived Non-Shared Environment, Personality Traits, Family Factors and Developmental Experiences in Bulimia Nervosa ». The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 46, no 1, p. 47-66.
Fiche synthèse
1. Objectifs
Intentions :
« The present study [...] is a preliminary examination of possible concurrent and retrospective non-shared environmental correlates of BN [bulimia nervosa]. » (p. 47)
Questions/Hypothèses :
« [W]e predicted women with BN would be more likely to (a) perceive parents as less affectionate and more controlling, (b) have a more insecure parental attachment 50 Pascale M. Lehoux and Nina Howe (particularly to father), and (c) report more frequent weight and shape teasing experiences. Since childhood abuse often affects all children in a family (Bifulco, Brown, Lillie, & Jarvis, 1997) and constitutes a correlate for BN (Jacobi, Hayward et al., 2004; Welch & Fairburn, 1996), we predicted women with BN and their sisters would report similar histories of childhood sexual and physical abuse. Women with BN were also expected to exhibit greater personality disturbances (i.e.
impulsivity, affective instability, narcissism) compared with sisters. » (pp. 50-51)
2. Méthode
Échantillon/Matériau :
« [...] 42 females (18-38 years) meeting the criteria for DSM-IV BN and their closest-in-age non-eating-disordered sister (16-40 years) [...] were recruited through an out-patient Eating Disorders Unit (EDU) of a psychiatric hospital in a large bilingual (English/French) city [...] » (p. 51)
Instruments :
- « A questionnaire determined age, education, work and marital status, BMI and family configuration »;
- the « Eating Disorders Examination (EDE; Cooper & Fairburn, 1987) »;
- the « Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience (SIDE; Daniels & Plomin, 1985a, 1985b) »;
- the « Childhood Trauma Interview (CTI; Fink, 1993; Fink, Bernstein, Handelsman, Foote,&Lovejoy, 1995) »;
- the «Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) »;
- the « Perception of Teasing Scale (POTS; Thompson, Cattarin, Fowler, & Fisher, 1995) »;
- the « Beck Depression Inventory-13 (BDI-13; Beck & Beck, 1972) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) »;
- the « Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology–Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ; Livesly, Jackson, & Shroeder, 1992) »;
- the « Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-10 (BIS-10; Barratt, 1985) ». (pp. 52-54)
Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique
3. Résumé
« The role of perceived non-shared environmental influences and personality traits in the risk of developing bulimia nervosa (BN) was compared in 40 women with BN and their non-eating disordered sisters. [...] The two sisters were compared for (a) eating pathology, (b) perceived non-shared environmental factors (differential family relationships, developmental teasing, traumatic experiences), (c) personality traits (impulsivity, affective instability, narcissism), and (d) psychopathology (anxiety, depression). [...] Specific perceived non-shared risk factors (e.g. perceptions of teasing), nonspecific non-shared risk factors (e.g. insecure paternal attachment) and personality traits (e.g. narcissism) distinguished women with BN from sisters. In the final logistic regression, insecure paternal attachment predicted the risk for BN, while trends were apparent for narcissism and developmental teasing after controlling for psychopathology. [...] Our correlational cross-sectional design does not allow for investigation of direction of effects. However, it is an important first step in identifying possible perceived non-shared environmental influences and personality traits that may constitute vulnerability factors predisposing individuals to the development of BN. Findings are discussed in the light of existing models of risk factors for the etiology of BN. » (p. 47)