Résultats de recherche

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
L’objectif de cette étude est «de décrire la fréquence des troubles anxieux et dépressifs chez les femmes souffrant d’infertilité inexpliquée et d’en identifier les facteurs prédictifs.» (p. ii)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
L’échantillon est composé de 42 femmes recrutées auprès de la clinique de fertilité du CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) de la ville de Québec.

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«Cette étude a mis en évidence que la souffrance psychologique est très commune chez les femmes avec infertilité inexpliquée. Cette population précise se démarque des femmes souffrant d’infertilité dont la cause est connue.» (p. 38-39) En effet, les résultats montrent «que plus de la moitié des femmes souffrant d’infertilité inexpliquée présentent une détresse psychologique significative avec une prévalence de trouble anxieux de 55% et de trouble dépressif de 10%.» (p. 33) Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de l’analyse «mettent en lumière trois facteurs prédicteurs de la détresse psychologique chez les femmes souffrant d’infertilité inexpliquée. Le fait d’avoir recours à des traitements de procréation assistée s’est révélé être un facteur protecteur pour les troubles anxio-dépressifs. [De plus, il est] aussi possible que les femmes avec détresse psychologique soient moins enclines à débuter un traitement, si bien que les troubles anxio-dépressifs devraient probablement être plus suspectés chez une femme refusant d’utiliser les traitements proposés. Finalement, [il est suggéré] que le niveau d’anxiété et de dépression augmente à la suite d’un échec à la fécondation in vitro.» (p. 34-35) L’enquête dévoile également qu’un «nombre non négligeable de femmes rapporte des conséquences néfastes de l’infertilité sur leur couple.» (p. 34) Il est finalement révélé que «les plus jeunes sont plus à risque de souffrir de troubles anxio-dépressifs que les femmes plus âgées.» (p. 35)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The aim [of this study] was to identify childhood (up to and including age 12) predictors of psychopathic traits at age 33.» (p. 56)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Participants were males drawn from two cohorts: the Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study (MLES) […] and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC) […].» (p. 56) The sample includes «311 participants, 130 (42%) from the MLES and 181 (58%) from the QLSKC. One-third of the participants had been charged with at least one criminal offence from age 18 to 24 years.» (p. 57)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«Parent characteristics and classroom teachers’ ratings predicted PCL-R [Psychopathy Checklist-Revised] scores in adulthood, and explained 22% of the variance in these scores, but perhaps more importantly they identified children presenting behaviour problems that could be addressed by treatment. The second important finding from the present study was that parents’ characteristics were associated with participants’ PCL-R scores in adulthood. Specifically, both father’s and mother’s criminal record, mother’s age at participant’s birth, and mother’s low level of education were associated with psychopathy scores even in models that included ratings of participants’ behaviour. […] Father’s and mother’s criminal histories may be associated with their sons’ psychopathy scores because offenders and antisocial adults provide non-optimal parenting to their offspring […].» (p. 61) «[Another] important finding was the identification of predictors of affective facet scores. In the final model, father’s violent criminal convictions, mother’s age at participant’s birth and her criminal record, and age 12 reactive aggression were independently, and significantly, associated with [affective] facet […] scores.» (p. 62) «The results of the present study indicate that the development of psychopathic traits begins in childhood and that children at-risk for elevated levels of psychopathic traits may be identified by characteristics of their parents and by their behaviours.» (p. 63)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
The aim of this study is to « […] understand what variables can predict the adoption of positive attitudes towards CP [corporal punishment] in parents and adults in general. » (p. 178)

Questions/Hypothèses :
The authors ask this question: « What predicts the adoption of this pro-violent attitude? » (p. 178)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
Dans le cadre de cette recherche, 1000 adultes québécois ont répondu à une entrevue téléphonique.

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

« Positive parental attitude toward corporal punishment has been determined to be an important predictor of behavior towards children (Ateah & Parkin, 2002). This is disturbing, considering that this believed-to-be minor form of violence could be a precursor to much of the violence that plagues our world (Strauss, 2001). In this [research], a majority of respondents endorsed corporal punishment of children, despite their recognition of its potential harm for children. […] Factors include demographics (age, gender, SES [socioeconomic statut]), being a parent or not, and having experienced or witnessed various forms of family violence and abuse in childhood and adolescence. Findings will be discussed in terms of prevention of intergenerational transmission of violence. » (p. 178)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
« With the objective of guiding preventive interventions by learning more about the early development of physical aggression, the study looked at the trajectories of physical aggression during early childhood and the antecedents of high levels of physical aggression displayed by some children. » (p. 2)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
« The study entailed the collection of survey data from a random sample of 572 families with a five-month old newborn. Information was obtained the mothers at 17, 30, and 42 months after the birth of their babies. » (p. 1)

Instruments :
La procédure « included information on the nature and frequency of physical aggression. The mothers were then interviewed about their own school-age behavioural problems, as well as more recent factors such as smoking and drinking during pregnancy and current family conflicts. Mothers were asked to rate their infants’ temperament and describe their parenting habits. » (p. 3)

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

« Aggressive behaviour is typically associated with older children. Research suggests however, that it may actually peak in the second year of life and steadily decline after that. Most children learn to regulate physical aggression during the preschool years, but a significant number of boys and girls will continue to display this behaviour as adolescents and adults.
The study summarized in this Policy Brief looks at the early development of physical aggression in children. The research team was able to identify the developmental trajectories of physical aggression during early childhood and to determine the antecedents of high levels of physical aggression in some children. » (p. 1)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
« Cette recherche a pour but d’explorer, sous différentes dimensions, ce que peuvent vivre les proches-aidants de personnes atteintes de troubles de l’humeur. Plus spécifiquement, il est question de vérifier si certaines caractéristiques de ces proches-aidants — à savoir le genre, le lien entretenu avec la personne atteinte, le fait d’occuper ou non un emploi rémunéré, le fardeau, le soutien social et la présence de violence verbale ou physique — peuvent être des prédicteurs de l’état de stress de ces proches-aidants (qui sont des parents, des conjoints ou des ex-conjoints), et si leur temps de travail est affecté par ce rôle de proche-aidant. » (p. ii)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
97 proches-aidants de personnes atteintes de trouble de l’humeur de la région de Québec, dont 67 sont des travailleurs

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

« Les résultats révèlent qu’effectivement le soutien social, le fardeau, la violence verbale et la violence physique sont des éléments qui peuvent prédire l’état de stress des proches-aidants de personnes atteintes d’un trouble de l’humeur, alors que le temps de travail est plus affecté par le genre du répondant et le lien qu’entretient ce dernier avec la personne atteinte. Outre ces analyses, l’ensemble des données permet de dessiner une esquisse de la réalité des proches-aidants d’une personne atteinte d’un trouble de l’humeur, ainsi qu’un certain portrait des personnes atteintes. Les informations recueillies et les résultats obtenus seront sûrement utiles dans notre contexte québécois où nous cherchons à comprendre et réduire le stress, l’absentéisme au travail, le taux de suicide et la violence intrafamiliale. Bref, pour les intervenants qui auront à travailler directement ou indirectement avec des proches de personne atteinte de trouble de l’humeur, cette recherche met en lumière l’importance de tenir compte, dans leur pratique, de ce que vivent ces proches-aidants. » (p. ii)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
« This review will focus on the role of personality traits in predisposition to suicide and, particularly, on the relation between impulsive-agressive traits and suicide. » (p. 399)

2. Méthode

Type de traitement des données :
Recension des écrits

3. Résumé

« Suicide ranks among the main causes of death in most Western countries and is, thus, an important public health problem. Over the last few years, it has been increasingly recognized that people who attempt or commit suicide have a certain individual predisposition, partly resulting from certain personality traits, in particular, impulsive-agressive behaviors. The evidence suggests that impulsive-agressive traits are part of a developmental cascade that increases suicide risk among a subset of suicides. These personality traits may also mediate familial transmission of suicidal behavior, defining a behavioral endophenotype that could be useful in molecular genetic studies of suicide. On the other hand, not all suicides are associated with impulsive-agressive behaviors. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms mediating suicide among individuals with no history of impulsive-agressive behaviors. » (p. 398)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
« The present study explored longitudinal predictors of self-reported family violence and parenting styles in men and women with childhood histories that placed them at high-risk for various psycho-social problems. [...] The current study attempts to add to the current knowledge base by including fathers in the sample in order to investigate the effect that childhood aggression and withdrawal has on fathers’ parenting styles and abilities. » (p. 7)
Questions/Hypothèses :
« 1) It is our hypothesis that boys and girls characterized as aggressive in elementary school by peer will be more likely to report being violent with those close to them in adulthood.
2) In terms of parenting practice, it is hypothesized that individuals demonstrating aggressive behavioural styles in childhood might have been placed on a life course maked by problems and psycho-social stressors thereby limiting their ability to parent effectively.
3) It is believed that the measures of family violence will be more salient to women than measures of criminality or delinquency, and will therefore allow us to investigate the stability of aggressive tendencies in girls and women.
4) Increased education is hypothesized to be a protective factor against family violence and is expected to favor the development of positive parenting practices, whereas, poverty, single parenting, psychopathology, and having numerous children are expected to increase the chances of violent behaviour in the home and to hinder the development of effective parenting strategies. These relationships are expected to be similar for men and women.
5) Within this study, we expect to find that childhood aggression influences later family relationships both directly and indirectly. An aggressive behavioral style evident in young children will remain stable and will manifest itself in as a tendency to be aggressive and violent with spouse and children later in life.
6) An aggressive behavioural style will put individual at risk for numerous psycho-social stressors and adverse life circumstances that will in turn hinder the development of positive parenting practices. » (pp. 7-9)

2.Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
The present study was a part of a larger ongoing research project, the Adult Follow-up Project, which is focused on a sub-sample of the original sample of 1770 subjects making up the Concordia High Risk Project.

Instruments :
- Demographic Information Questionnaire;
- Presence and Severity of Violence in the Home, modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Strauss, 1979). French versions were used in this project;
- Parentig Dimensions Inventory (PDI : Power, 1993);
- Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCDI : First, Spitzer, Gibbon & Williams, 1997).
Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

« Numerous researchers have suggested that an aggressive behavioural style is more stable over time in boys than girls. This literature has recently been called into question by studies demonstrating that girls’ styles of expressing aggression may be different from boys’, and that aggression may occur in different contexts for males and females across the life course. The present study explored longitudinal predictors of self-reported family violence and parenting styles in men and women with childhood histories that placed them at high-risk for various psycho-social problems. Three main questions are addressed: (a) Within a high-risk sample, to what extent can we use participants’ past histories of aggression and withdrawal to predict spousal and parental violence and parenting style? (b) Can we make the same predictions for both men and women? and (c) What are the developmental and current life variables that favor/hinder the development and practice of violence in the home and positive parenting strategies? These questions were examined within a subsample of individuals form the Concordia High Risk Project, a prospective, longitudinal investigation designed to study the long-term outcomes of childhood aggression and withdrawal in males and females coming from low SES urban sample. In terms of family violence, the results of this study demonstrate the stability of an aggressive behavioural style among men and women, in that those who exhibited aggressive tendencies with peers in childhood were more likely to repport using violence as a means of conflict resolution with family members as adults. However, in terms of the parenting variables, the psycho-social and currents life variables such as education and poverty status were more powerful predictors of outcomes than the childhood variables, suggesting that factors other than a stable behavioural style might be at play in the development of adaptive parenting practices. These finding highlight the need for interventions aimed at targeting aggressive behaviour in young girls as well as young boys. The findings also strongly support the inclusion of domestic violence, in addition to more public violent offending, in studying and reporting the behavioural outcomes of childhood aggression. » (p. iii)