Résultats de recherche

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«L’objectif principal de ce mémoire doctoral est d’examiner l’association entre la consommation secrète ou en couple de pornographie et le bien-être sexuel des individus en couple.» (p. 14-15) «L’objectif secondaire est d’examiner l’effet du genre dans l’association entre la consommation secrète ou en couple de pornographie et le bien-être sexuel.» (p. 15)

Questions/Hypothèses :
L’autrice émet une hypothèse en lien avec chacun de ses deux objectifs. La première est «qu’une consommation de pornographie connue, ainsi qu’en couple, améliore le bien-être sexuel.» (p. 15) En lien avec l’objectif secondaire, «[i]l est attendu que chez les femmes, une consommation en couple, et connue, soit associée à un meilleur bien-être sexuel.» (p. 15)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Des 1143 individus qui ont complété volontairement l’étude en ligne, 554 (48,5%) individus en couple ont complété au moins un des deux questionnaires d’intérêt sur la consommation de pornographie. De ces individus, 74,2% sont des femmes (n= 411) et 25,8% sont des hommes (n = 143) âgés entre 18 et 78 ans […].» (p. 16)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«Les résultats illustrent qu’un modèle comportant deux classes latentes permet le mieux d’expliquer les relations entre la consommation secrète et la consommation en couple de pornographie. Une première classe latente, composée de 34% de l’échantillon (n = 188), comprend les participants qui ont indiqué consommer de la pornographie avec leur partenaire conjugal et de façon connue de ce dernier. La deuxième classe latente, composée de 66% de l’échantillon (n = 366), comprend les participants qui consomment de la pornographie de façon solitaire, que cette utilisation soit connue (n = 221) ou secrète (n = 113). Ensuite, les données des analyses indiquent qu’une consommation de pornographie ouverte et commune est associée à un meilleur bien-être sexuel puisqu’une meilleure satisfaction sexuelle, une diminution des dysfonctions sexuelles et un niveau plus faible d’évitement sexuel sont rapportés par les participants comparativement à ceux de la deuxième classe latente. Enfin, les analyses ne montrent aucune différence de genre, ce qui indique que les proportions d’hommes et de femmes ne se distinguent pas selon les deux classes latentes.» (p. iii)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The current study was designed to pursue four objectives. The first objective was to explore [...] the number of distinct homogeneous groups of CSA [child sexual abuse] survivors based on the coordination of the sexual and attachment systems and to compare these survivors’ groups and a nonvictim group on the four continuous variables used to create profiles: attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, sexual compulsion, and sexual avoidance. […] The second objective of the study was to determine the proportion of women and men in these profiles. The third objective of this investigation was to examine whether some of these distinct profiles of CSA survivors were characterized by higher rates of CSA severity and higher rates of other cumulative child maltreatment experiences. The fourth objective was to compare these profiles and a nonvictim group on personal and couple distress.» (p. 357)

Questions/Hypothèses :
Regarding the first objective, «[w]e hypothesized that anxious attachment would cluster with sexual compulsion in a first group of CSA survivors because sexual compulsion refers to anxious sexual intrusive preoccupations. Likewise, we propose that avoidant attachment will cluster with sexual avoidance to form a second group.» (p. 357)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«The present sample [consists] of adult French-Canadian women and men.» (p. 357) The sample includes 324 CSA survivors and «484 participants [who] did not report any child maltreatment experience.» (p. 358)

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«[T]he results of this study […] suggest that adult survivors of child sexual abuse do not form a homogeneous group. When attachment and sexual outcomes are studied simultaneously, two distinct profiles of CSA survivors emerge. First, a subgroup formed mostly by anxious individuals reporting no significant sexual problems, and second, a subgroup of fearfully attached individuals showing a complex pattern of sexual ambivalence, with victims reporting both sexual compulsion and sexual avoidance.» (p. 364) «CSA survivors from both groups were mainly women who reported multiple abusive incidents involving a family member and who also experienced other forms of child maltreatment. However, although these effects were small, the Fearful Attachment and Sexual Ambivalence group included slightly more men, incidents of penetration, cases of extrafamilial abuse, co-occurring psychological abuse, and exposure to parental violence compared to the Preoccupied profile. One could cautiously conclude that CSA survivors from the [second] profile have faced more complex forms of traumatic exposure and thus present the more complicated pattern of sexual reactions observed in a smaller proportion of adult survivors of CSA (Courtois & Ford, 2009). The available past evidence of a dose-response association between CSA severity and negative attachment outcomes (Allen & Fonagy, 2015) is consistent with our observation that CSA survivors from Fearful Attachment and Sexual Ambivalence profile reported more psychological and couple distress than preoccupied CSA survivors.» (p. 364-365)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The overall goal of this study was to examine CSA [child sexual abuse] severity as a potential long-term risk factor for ESI [extradyadic sexual involvement] in women and men. The first aim was to use structural equation modeling (SEM) to test a mediation model whereby the relationship between CSA severity and ESI is explained through sexual compulsivity. The second aim was to test a gender moderation hypothesis within the proposed mediation model.» (p. 616)

Questions/Hypothèses :
«[W]e hypothesized that CSA severity would be associated with higher sexual compulsivity, which in turn would lead to an increased probability of ESI (hypothesis 1); and that the association among CSA, sexual compulsivity, and ESI would be stronger for men than for women (hypothesis 2).» (p. 616)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«[T]he final sample comprised 669 French-speaking Canadians aged between 18 and 77 years old […] and included 77.9% (n = 521) women and 22.1% (n = 148) men. Within this sample, 14.6% (n = 98) were married, 51.4% (n = 344) were unmarried and living with their partners, and 33.9% (n = 227) reported being in a dating relationship and living separately.» (p. 616)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«The results of the present study clearly show that although ESI might be an existential decision rooted in moment-to-moment personal choices and experiences, it is also linked to early sexual trauma. In addition, as the frequency and the intrusiveness of sexual abuse is higher, and as the closeness of family ties to the aggressor is stronger, the risk of ESI increases. Thus, the severity of these sexual contacts predicts negative adult sexual outcomes […]. The prevalence of ESI within a current relationship was 32% and 57% for female and male survivors, respectively— rates that are more than twice as high as those observed in nonvictims. […] The current results indicate that a history of CSA increases the risk of ESI in a similar manner in men and women, directly and through higher sexual compulsivity. […] CSA was found in the present study to be associated with adult sexual compulsions and behaviors that, in turn, predicted ESI. In this regard, CSA appears to affect extradyadic involvement directly, as well as indirectly through sexual compulsivity. These data also indicate that individuals reporting more severe CSA report higher sexual compulsivity, both of which increased the likelihood of infidelity.» (p. 621)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«Beyond an examination of the prevalence of self-defined CSA [child sexual abuse] among those who meet legal definitions of abuse, the main objective of the present study was to examine the empirical correlates of CSA self-definition. First, we explore CSA characteristics that distinguish self-definers from non-self-definers among those who have experienced legally defined CSA. […] The second purpose of the study was to determine whether negative emotional reactions to CSA and CSA-related sexual reactions were correlates of self-definition status among legally defined CSA survivors.» (p. 230)

Questions/Hypothèses :
«We hypothesized that retrospective and current reports of negative emotional reactions to CSA, as well as higher sexual avoidance and compulsivity, would discriminate self-identification status among CSA survivors.» (p. 230)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Of the 1,472 eligible men and women who began the survey, 1,021 (69.4%) provided usable data […] and were included in this study. Of these, 74.0% were women (n = 756), and 26.0% were men (n = 265).» (p. 230) Note that this study is based on a «sample of French-speaking Canadians, aged 18 or older, [that] was recruited from the general population and the academic community for an online study of the determinants of sexuality in adulthood.» (p. 230)

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«In the present study, 21.3% of women and 19.6% of men reported legally defined CSA, whereas only 7.1% of women and 3.8% of men self-defined this experience as sexual abuse. […] The current results support the hypothesis that survivors who self-define as abused often have experienced more severe forms of CSA. In comparison with non-self-definers, self-defining survivors in the present study were sexually abused more frequently and more typically experienced abuse by a male and by a parental figure. These findings are consistent with past studies, indicating that self-definitions of CSA are often rooted in abuse characteristics that shape personal and social criteria used to interpret early sexual experiences. In line with trauma-focused theories (Briere & Scott, 2014; Freyd & Birrell, 2013), a single CSA incident perpetrated by a nonparental figure on an older victim might be more easily rationalized or denied as abusive, whereas incest and chronic CSA on a younger child might override subjective attempts to normalize or deny its existence as an abusive sexual experience.» (p. 234) «Our results also indicate that CSA sexual reactions are associated with differential self-definition status. Whereas those survivors who self-defined had higher levels of sexual avoidance, those who do not self-define the experience as abuse reported more sexual compulsivity.» (p. 235)