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http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=21577

Does Domestic Violence Disappear from Parental Alienation Cases? Five Lessons from Quebec for Judges, Scholars, and Policymakers

Zaccour, Suzanne.

Article 2020

Mots-clés : aliénation parentale (28) couple (932) droit de la famille (350) intérêt de l’enfant (103) justice (169) recherche (128) violence conjugale (832)

Does Domestic Violence Disappear from Parental Alienation Cases? Five Lessons from Quebec for Judges, Scholars, and Policymakers

Référence bibliographique ^[21577]

Zaccour, Suzanne. 2020. «Does Domestic Violence Disappear from Parental Alienation Cases? Five Lessons from Quebec for Judges, Scholars, and Policymakers ». Canadian Journal of Family Law, vol. 33, no 2, p. 301-357.

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Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
The author’s «research contributes to [an] urgent conversation by shedding new light on the role of domestic violence in parental alienation cases. [She] observe[s] how series of cases involving the same family deal with the issue of domestic violence.» (p. 301)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«By examining all appellate cases mentioning parental alienation in Quebec between 2010 and 2020 and, for each appeal, looking back to earlier decisions involving the same family, [author] pursue[s] the inquiry into the interaction of domestic violence and parental alienation.» (p. 304)

Type de traitement des données :
Réflexion critique

3. Résumé

Author «argued that the right way to think about and construct family law rules is to prioritize domestic violence concerns and to treat situations of intimate partner violence as paradigmatic rather than exceptional cases. The importance of centring domestic violence is all the more relevant in parental alienation cases, given the concept’s frequent use by violent fathers and its history as a tool to marginalize mothers’ safety concerns. Parental alienation scholars reject this method and defend their theory by saying that it does not apply to circumstances of family violence. But despite the appearances, domestic violence cannot be treated as an exceptional case—not in family law generally, and even less in parental alienation cases. In this study of alienation cases at the appellate level, 78 percent of the cases appeared to have no allegation or trace of domestic violence, yet previous decisions involving the same family revealed that at least 59 percent of alienation cases involved an issue of domestic violence. [According to the author, we] must be very conscious of the risk that appellate courts—and the judges and scholars who read them—will see parental alienation as an issue unrelated to domestic violence, while parental alienation remains primarily alleged in domestic-violence related cases.» (p. 356-357)

Mots-clés

aliénation parentale (28) couple (932) droit de la famille (350) intérêt de l’enfant (103) justice (169) recherche (128) violence conjugale (832)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=21950

All Families are Equal, but Some Matter More than Others? How Gender, Poverty, and Domestic Violence put Quebec’s Family Law Reform to Test

Zaccour, Suzanne.

Article 2019

Mots-clés : Canada-Québec (863) droit de la famille (350) genre (310) patrimoine familial (59) pauvreté (521) pension alimentaire (125) réforme (59) violence conjugale (832)

All Families are Equal, but Some Matter More than Others? How Gender, Poverty, and Domestic Violence put Quebec’s Family Law Reform to Test

Référence bibliographique ^[21950]

Zaccour, Suzanne. 2019. «All Families are Equal, but Some Matter More than Others? How Gender, Poverty, and Domestic Violence put Quebec’s Family Law Reform to Test ». Revue canadienne de droit familial / Canadian Journal of Family Law, vol. 32, no 2, p. 425-481.

Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
The author explores «the proposed [family law] reform and its assumptions of formal equality and individualistic autonomy. [She] then develop[s] what [she] suggest[s] should be the test of good family law: how well it deals with the situation of women who have little economic power or who are in violent relationships. […] Finally, [she] expose[s] three fatal flaws in how the reform proposal deals with autonomy, the public/private interaction, and inequality, before pointing to fairer alternatives.» (p. 428)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
The author’s analysis «is based on a reform proposal put together by the Comité consultatif sur le droit de la famille (the “Roy Committee”).» (p. 429)

Type de traitement des données :
Réflexion critique

3. Résumé

The author suggests that «[e]xtending the entitlement to spousal support or equal sharing of family patrimony to all couples who have children or who can prove a relationship-generated disadvantage would be one avenue to correct underinclusiveness and to truly start recognizing the diversity of families. [However, family] law reforms are few and far between. Seemingly lacking political appeal, this area of law affects almost everyone, yet appears neglected in political campaigns, societal debates, and feminist activism. Quebec’s reform project is, then, an important event. Unfortunately, what is proposed to women is a mixed bag, with small improvements being accompanied by high costs. Domestic-violence victims are not protected from opting out of sharing family patrimony, and the economic consequences of violence are not considered in the compensatory mechanisms. Underprivileged couples are also penalized by the change in default matrimonial regime and the perpetuation of an opt-in logic for de facto spouses. If family law can be caricatured as “a Manichaean struggle between atomistic liberalism and a socially contextualized feminism,” the reform project indubitably falls into the former camp. Quebec families deserve the protection of family patrimony, partnership of acquests, and default regulation of de facto unions. Yet, the Roy Committee’s project chooses formal over substantial equality, idealism over reality, and men over women.» (p. 480-481)

Mots-clés

Canada-Québec (863) droit de la famille (350) genre (310) patrimoine familial (59) pauvreté (521) pension alimentaire (125) réforme (59) violence conjugale (832)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=21346

Pour un droit de la famille réaliste, équitable et accessible. Mémoire présenté à la Ministre de la Justice du Québec, le 28 juin 2019, dans le cadre des consultations publiques sur la réforme du droit de la famille

Zaccour, Suzanne.

Livre 2019

Mots-clés : accessibilité (108) droit de la famille (350) égalité (91) patrimoine familial (59) recommandation (56) régime matrimonial (16) solidarité (47) union de fait (69)

Pour un droit de la famille réaliste, équitable et accessible. Mémoire présenté à la Ministre de la Justice du Québec, le 28 juin 2019, dans le cadre des consultations publiques sur la réforme du droit de la famille

Référence bibliographique ^[21346]

Zaccour, Suzanne. 2019. Pour un droit de la famille réaliste, équitable et accessible. Mémoire présenté à la Ministre de la Justice du Québec, le 28 juin 2019, dans le cadre des consultations publiques sur la réforme du droit de la famille. Montréal: Fédération des femmes du Québec.

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Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
Ce document appuyé par la Fédération des femmes du Québec (FFQ) vise à proposer des recommandations dans le cadre des consultations publiques sur la réforme du droit de la famille du Québec. Les autrices recommandent «une nouvelle réforme reposant sur des faits, des politiques viables, et les valeurs québécoises de solidarité, d’accessibilité et d’égalité.» (p. 2)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
Données documentaires diverses

Type de traitement des données :
Réflexion critique

3. Résumé

Selon les autrices, la «réforme proposée complexifie inutilement le droit de la famille et échoue à régler les problèmes de l’union de fait. Le droit de la famille doit être clair, accessible et fonctionnel. La réforme proposée, au contraire, est basée sur des mythes et regorge de complexités. [Elles appellent] à une réforme réaliste, qui tienne compte de la réalité des Québécois·es et de la diversité des familles. Le régime parental proposé est complexe et trop restrictif. Il serait difficile à mettre en place et entrainerait une grande confusion en droit de la famille. Les mécanismes compensatoires sont connus pour être inefficaces, injustes et inaccessibles—d’ailleurs, ceux qui existent déjà dans notre droit sont rarement utilisés. [Les autrices recommandent] au gouvernement: [d]’abandonner l’idée d’une prestation compensatoire parentale pour compenser les inégalités dans les couples; [d]e laisser la société d’acquêts comme régime matrimonial par défaut et le patrimoine familial comme mécanisme d’ordre public pour les couples mariés; [et d]’assujettir les conjoint·es de fait à un régime inspiré des effets du mariage, notamment le patrimoine familial, la prestation compensatoire conjugale et la pension alimentaire.» (p. 1)

Mots-clés

accessibilité (108) droit de la famille (350) égalité (91) patrimoine familial (59) recommandation (56) régime matrimonial (16) solidarité (47) union de fait (69)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=22459

Parental Alienation in Quebec Custody Litigation

Zaccour, Suzanne.

Article 2018

Mots-clés : aliénation parentale (28) Code civil (96) droit de la famille (350) garde de l’enfant (161) genre (310) jurisprudence (144) protection de la jeunesse (495) signification (11)

Parental Alienation in Quebec Custody Litigation

Référence bibliographique ^[22459]

Zaccour, Suzanne. 2018. «Parental Alienation in Quebec Custody Litigation ». Les Cahiers de Droit, vol. 59, no 4, p. 1073-1111.

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Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«[T]his article provides a snapshot of PA [parental alienation] jurisprudence and explores the repercussions of the polysemy of this concept.» (p. 1075)

Questions/Hypothèses :
The following questions were asked: «How is PA defined and proven in law? How does the legal translation of alienation interact with academic controversies?» (p. 1075)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
This article studies «all PA decisions rendered in 2016 in Quebec […].» (p. 1075) «The study is based on decisions identified, in the database SOQUIJ [Société québécoise d’information juridique], with the following search words: “alienation OR aliéné OR aliénant OR alienated OR alienating” AND “garde OR custody” AND “child OR enfant”. […] The search returned 105 results, for a total of 89 relevant cases. Sixty-three are custody decisions dealing with or discussing alienation; this set of cases supports the observations, quantitative analysis, and arguments presented throughout this paper. The remaining 26 cases are decisions mentioning PA only in a quote from a previous judgment, appeals, or cases tackling purely financial questions, procedural matters, or contempt of court.» (p. 1081)

Type de traitement des données :
Réflexion critique

3. Résumé

«[T]his study has found that judges often adopt a parent-focused definition of PA that fails to meet even the most basic criteria for alienation given in either Gardner’s model or Kelly and Johnston’s reformulation. Judges define a low threshold for parental alienation that, if applied consistently, could justify a finding of alienation in most conflictual custody cases. Women appear to be particularly vulnerable to PA’s over-inclusiveness, as they are the ones who are most often found to be alienating based on passive behaviors or pleadings in court, or in “quasi-PA” cases where children do not reject the “alienated” parent. To add to the confusion, the failure to define PA prevents judges from achieving internal coherence between the definition of PA and its proof in any given case, not to mention the lack of consistency regarding what constitutes alienation from one case to another. The oscillation of PA between a scientific diagnosis requiring expert testimony and a legal test falling within the judge’s knowledge further raises the question of whether PA jurisprudence is more rooted in science or in pop psychology or pseudoscience. Although PA may be useful to explain the unjustified rejection of a parent and to sanction unacceptable behaviors by mothers and fathers, there is significant room for improvement to make PA jurisprudence coherent, intelligible, and fair […].» (p. 1109-1110)

Mots-clés

aliénation parentale (28) Code civil (96) droit de la famille (350) garde de l’enfant (161) genre (310) jurisprudence (144) protection de la jeunesse (495) signification (11)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=20210

Parental Alienation in Quebec Custody Litigation

Zaccour, Suzanne.

Thèse 2017

Mots-clés : aliénation parentale (28) Code civil (96) droit de la famille (350) garde de l’enfant (161) jurisprudence (144) protection de la jeunesse (495)

Parental Alienation in Quebec Custody Litigation

Référence bibliographique ^[20210]

Zaccour, Suzanne. 2017. «Parental Alienation in Quebec Custody Litigation». Mémoire de maîtrise, Toronto, Université de Toronto, Département de droit.

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Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«This thesis is a study of all Quebec custody cases dealing with parental alienation in 2016. It explores the definitions, findings and implications of parental alienation [PA] in legal disputes, in light of the models of parental alienation and parental alienation syndrome described in the academic literature.» (p. ii)

Questions/Hypothèses :
«The exploration of the jurisprudence is guided by the following research questions: […] How is PA defined in PA jurisprudence? Does its definition in law correspond to one or several definitions in the literature? Do judges focus on the child or on the alienator? […] Is PAS [parental alienation syndrome] still used in Quebec jurisprudence, or has it been entirely replaced by PA? Are there disputes over the admissibility and the scientific validity of PA or PAS evidence? […] How do the controversies regarding the consequences of PA and the required interventions translate into the jurisprudence? […] How is PA proven in court? Do alienators exhibit relentless programming or trivial flaws? Which type of threshold is used to distinguish conflict from alienation? What is the role of false sexual assault allegations or allegations of violence in proving PA?» (p. 14)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«The study is based on [194] decisions identified in the database SOQUIJ [Société québécoise d’information juridique].» (p. 13)

Type de traitement des données :
Réflexion critique

3. Résumé

«In the last thirty years, the concept of parent-child alienation has generated significant interest in the legal, psychological, and political spheres. Every aspect of this concept, from its name to its definition, prevalence, and remedies, is deeply contested. As controversies rage in the academic sphere and political arena, parental alienation (“PA”) and parental alienation syndrome (“PAS”) have made their way into custody litigation. The use – or misuse – of alienation evidence in United States courts has been documented. However, research on PA litigation in Canada is still scarce.» (p. 1) «This research confirms feminists’ scepticism towards the use of parental alienation in custody litigation. It concludes that alienation has varying and inconsistent definitions in law, that there is a considerable disconnect between the state of the research in science and judges’ knowledge on alienation, and that the concept of parental alienation in law is ambiguous and over-inclusive, seemingly to the detriment of mothers. There is a dire need for clearer and stricter guidelines on the use of parental alienation in Quebec jurisprudence to ensure its accuracy, coherence, and fairness.» (p. ii)

Mots-clés

aliénation parentale (28) Code civil (96) droit de la famille (350) garde de l’enfant (161) jurisprudence (144) protection de la jeunesse (495)

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