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http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=21408

Parental Cannabis Use Is Associated with Cannabis Initiation and Use in Offspring

O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Dugas, Erika N., O’Loughlin, Erin K., Winickoff, Jonathan P., Montreuil, Annie, Wellman, Robert J., Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre et Hanusaik, Nancy.

Article 2019

Mots-clés : adolescence (351) comportement parental (50) développement de l’enfant (319) drogue (159) influence parentale (84) Montréal (852) parent | parents (2431) toxicomanie (136)

Parental Cannabis Use Is Associated with Cannabis Initiation and Use in Offspring

Référence bibliographique ^[21408]

O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Dugas, Erika N., O’Loughlin, Erin K., Winickoff, Jonathan P., Montreuil, Annie, Wellman, Robert J., Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre et Hanusaik, Nancy. 2019. «Parental Cannabis Use Is Associated with Cannabis Initiation and Use in Offspring ». Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 206, p. 142-147.

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Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«First, [the authors] examined whether parental cannabis use is associated with incident cannabis use among adolescent off-spring in high school. Second, [they] investigated whether cannabis use by mothers or fathers is associated with cannabis use in young-adult offspring.» (p. 143-143)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
Les auteurs ont mobilisé deux études longitudinales ayant été produites à Montréal. Le sous-échantillon provenant de l’étude AdoQuest est composé de 1048 parents et de leurs enfants d’âge scolaire. Le sous-échantillon provenant de l’étude Nicotine Dependance in Teens (NDIT) est composé de 584 participants et de leurs parents (542 mères et 438 pères).

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«AdoQuest data provide evidence that children whose parents use cannabis are 1.8 times more likely to initiate cannabis use, and NDIT data suggest that young-adult offspring whose mothers or fathers use cannabis are more likely to report past-year cannabis use. [Also, there] was no indication in the NDIT study data that cannabis use by mothers or fathers had a differential effect on offspring cannabis use. […] Parental use could influence offspring use directly through ease of access, increased visibility of cannabis use, role modeling, or transmission of pro-cannabis norms. [Moreover, the results] highlight a major intervention opportunity in family healthcare settings. After legalization, screening for parental cannabis use will become even more important, although a distinction will need to be made between medicinal and recreational use. […] The heightened potency of today’s cannabis should be a component of teaching because parental experiences with cannabis may not translate to today’s cannabis. Finally, although parental abstinence may be a desired goal in terms of preventing offspring uptake, a harm reduction approach also may be relevant. Clear messaging on how parental use increases the risk for early use and addiction in offspring may help, as may suggestions about using cannabis recreationally in moderation and away from offspring. […] In conclusion, parental cannabis use is associated with cannabis initiation in adolescents and with weekly and daily use in young adult offspring.» (p. 146)

Mots-clés

adolescence (351) comportement parental (50) développement de l’enfant (319) drogue (159) influence parentale (84) Montréal (852) parent | parents (2431) toxicomanie (136)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=11466

Incidence and Determinants of Cigarette Smoking Initiation in Young Adults

O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Dugas, Erika N., O’Loughlin, Erin K., Karp, Igor et Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre.

Article 2014

Mots-clés : adolescent | adolescente (1032) autorité parentale (72) influence (71) jeune adulte (248) relation parent-enfant (521) santé (952) tabagisme (59) transition (240)

Incidence and Determinants of Cigarette Smoking Initiation in Young Adults

Référence bibliographique ^[11466]

O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Dugas, Erika N., O’Loughlin, Erin K., Karp, Igor et Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre. 2014. «Incidence and Determinants of Cigarette Smoking Initiation in Young Adults ». Journal of Adolescent Health Care, vol. 54, p. 26-32.

Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence of cigarette smoking initiation in young adulthood, and to identify predictors of initiation in young adults.» (p. 27)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) Study, a prospective cohort investigation of 1,293 students recruited in 1999-2000 from all grade 7 classes in a convenience sample of 10 high schools in or near Montreal, Canada.» (p. 27)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«Transition from adolescence to young adulthood represents a critical life period during which young people graduate from high school and leave home to attend college or university or join the workforce. These changes are typically characterized by decreasing parental control and changing social networks, which may increase susceptibility to smoking.» (p. 26) À la lumière de leurs recherches, les auteurs concluent que «[s]everal longitudinal studies support an association between alcohol consumption and smoking initiation in young adults. With decreased parental monitoring after high school, young persons may increasingly frequent bars and other places where young people gather to drink, thereby increasing exposure to peer smoking.» (p. 29) «Higher impulsivity was associated with later initiation in the current study. It is possible that during high school, young people with higher impulsivity were more closely monitored by their parents because of problems related to impulsivity. There is indeed evidence that adolescents whose parents use effective monitoring practices are less likely to smoke cigarettes. However once these young people leave the home environment, the protective influence of parental monitoring may no longer be present, such that smoking initiation is simply delayed in this subgroup.» (p. 30-31)

Mots-clés

adolescent | adolescente (1032) autorité parentale (72) influence (71) jeune adulte (248) relation parent-enfant (521) santé (952) tabagisme (59) transition (240)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=17297

Home Smoking Bans May Increase the Risk of Smoking Onset in Children When Both Parents Smoke

O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Barry, Amadou-Diogo, O’Loughlin, Erin K. et Tremblay, Michèle.

Article 2014

Mots-clés : attitude parentale (94) habitation (120) Montréal (852) relation parent-adolescent | adolescente (68) santé (952) tabagisme (59)

Home Smoking Bans May Increase the Risk of Smoking Onset in Children When Both Parents Smoke

Référence bibliographique ^[17297]

O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Barry, Amadou-Diogo, O’Loughlin, Erin K. et Tremblay, Michèle. 2014. «Home Smoking Bans May Increase the Risk of Smoking Onset in Children When Both Parents Smoke ». Nicotine and Tobacco Research, vol. 16, no 7, p. 1-5.

Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The objective of this analysis [is] to test for effect modification by home smoking bans in the association between parental smoking and smoking onset in their children.» (p. 1)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Data were available in AdoQuest, a prospective investigation of 1,860 Grade 5 students aged 10–11 at cohort inception designed to investigate the cooccurrence of health-related behaviors in children. A stratified random sample of schools was recruited from French language schools in the greater Montreal area.» (p. 2)

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«[R]easons cited by parents who smoke include that bans help conceal their own smoking behavior from their children, that bans communicate to children that smoking is not an acceptable behavior, and that bans are sometimes implemented at a child’s request […]. Home smoking bans may also have other benefits including a reduced incidence of smoking onset among children especially in households where parents smoke. In this analysis, home smoking bans modified the association between parental smoking and smoking onset in children. Similar to at least one other study […], the incidence rate of smoking onset was markedly higher among participants living in households with a ban in which both parents smoked. The incidence rate was 46.4 initiators per 100 person-surveys compared to 21.7 in no-ban households in which both parents smoked, which was much closer to the incidence observed when only one parent smoked whether or not there was a ban. » (p. 3) «All parents should be encouraged to implement complete home smoking bans in order to reduce secondhand smoke exposure in their children. However, in homes in which both parents smoke, it may be prudent that parents communicate clearly with their children about their reasons for implementing the ban as well as their reasons for continuing to smoke.» (p. 4)

Mots-clés

attitude parentale (94) habitation (120) Montréal (852) relation parent-adolescent | adolescente (68) santé (952) tabagisme (59)

http://familia.ucs.inrs.ca/notice/?ID=10368

Prevalence and Familial Patterns of Night Eating in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) Study

Lundgren, Jennifer D., Drapeau, Vicky, Allison, Kelly C., Gallant, Annette R., Tremblay, Angelo, Lambert, Marie A., Lemieux, Simone, O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Pérusse, Louis et Stunkard, Albert J.

Article 2012

Mots-clés : alimentation (175) comportement (562) enfant (3591) obésité (56) parent | parents (2431) santé (952) symptôme (51)

Prevalence and Familial Patterns of Night Eating in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) Study

Référence bibliographique ^[10368]

Lundgren, Jennifer D., Drapeau, Vicky, Allison, Kelly C., Gallant, Annette R., Tremblay, Angelo, Lambert, Marie A., Lemieux, Simone, O’Loughlin, Jennifer L., Pérusse, Louis et Stunkard, Albert J. 2012. «Prevalence and Familial Patterns of Night Eating in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) Study ». Obesity, vol. 20, no 8.

Fiche synthèse

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«[N]ight eating behavior is associated with obesity and preliminary evidence suggests that it aggregates in families. […] The current study, therefore, sought to expand the literature on prevalence and familial resemblance of night eating behavior […].» (p. 2)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«[T]he population under study includes both children and parents enrolled in the QUALITY (Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) cohort.» (p. 2) The sample is composed of 395 families (one child, mother, and father for whom at least one parent was obese or had abdominal obesity). «Children and their parents were recruited in elementary schools located in the Montreal and Quebec City areas.» (p. 2)

Instruments :
Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«Obesity is a complex health condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Several behavioral phenotypes, many of which aggregate in families, have been associated with increased risk of obesity.» (p. 1) «[N]ight eating behavior is associated with obesity and preliminary evidence suggests that it aggregates in families.» (p. 2) Responses on the NEQ were used to establish a diagnosis of NES [night eating syndrome] and to determine the correlation and heritability of NES symptoms in families. Using comprehensive research diagnostic criteria, full threshold NES was rare: 0% of children, 0.5% of mothers, and 0.3% of fathers met criteria. When controlling for age, sex, and BMI, NEQ scores of spouses were not significantly correlated, but mothers’ NEQ scores were significantly correlated with the scores of both sons (r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and daughters (r = 0.15, P = 0.05). The heritability of NEQ scores was 0.24 when controlling for age, sex, and BMI. These findings replicate previous research suggesting a low prevalence of night eating behavior in children and the aggregation of NES in families.» (p. 1)

Mots-clés

alimentation (175) comportement (562) enfant (3591) obésité (56) parent | parents (2431) santé (952) symptôme (51)

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