Résultats de recherche

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«This study had two aims: first, to identify distinct trajectories of romantic partnering from age 18 to 35 years in a large population-based sample; second, to examine the association between teacher-rated behavior at age 10–12 years and trajectories of partnering, with adjustment for the child’s sex and socioeconomic background.» (p. 843)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Data were obtained from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC), a population-based sample (n = 3,020) born in 1980/1981 (Rouquette et al., 2014). The sample comprised 2,000 children (1,001 boys) who were randomly selected and 1,017 children (593 boys) who scored at or above the 80th percentile for disruptive behaviors at the end of kindergarten (age 6 years) with gender-specific cutoffs. […] Ratings of children’s behavior were obtained from school teachers using the Social Behavior Questionnaire when the children were aged 10–12 years (Tremblay, Desmarais-Gervais, Gagnon, & Charlebois, 1987).» (p. 843)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«After adjustment for sex and family background, inattention and aggression–opposition were uniquely and additively associated with increased likelihood of following an early-partnered-separated trajectory from age 18 to 35 years, while inattention and anxiety were associated with an increased likelihood of following a delayed-or-unpartnered trajectory. Prosocial behaviors were consistently linked with earlier and more sustained partnership trajectories. Three ‘stable partnered’ trajectories were identified. Participants in these groups tended to remain partnered once partnering had begun, though the age of first partnering differed between them, and to have more favorable educational and economic outcomes. They had higher personal and household earnings and were more likely to have children living in the home. Participants in the delayed-or-unpartnered and early-separated groups, in contrast, who, respectively, comprised 30.0% and 15.5% of the sample, fared poorly.» (p. 846) Thus, results reveal «that participants with partnership difficulties were much more likely to have lower earnings and to be in receipt of welfare, when compared with partnered participants. In contrast to childhood problem behaviors, prosocial traits have been linked with better social integration and academic attainment in childhood […], and higher earnings and perceived attractiveness in adulthood […], and would therefore be expected to enhance partnership opportunities including the capacity to attract new partners following separation.» (p. 849)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«[T]he primary aim of the present study [is] to elucidate the role of genetic, shared and non-shared environmental factors in explaining different developmental trajectories of alcohol use during adolescence.» (p. 1205)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«The 421 twin pairs in the study […] were part of a population-based sample of 662 twin pairs from the greater Montréal area recruited at birth between November 1995 and July 1998.» (p. 1205)

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«This finding highlights the importance of shared environmental factors in affecting the initiation of alcohol use throughout adolescence. Parental attitudes toward their children’s alcohol use, parental supervision, family religion […], and even influences from broader contexts such as neighborhood and community norms on alcohol use and regulations […] possibly play a major role in delaying the initiation of alcohol use. […] This finding [also] suggests that, besides genetic predisposition, the environmental factors that lead adolescents to follow the normative increasing trajectory are primarily person-specific experiences that distinguish family members from each other. In contrast, the relatively more problematic early-onset trajectory was under moderate shared environmental influences. Similar shared environmental factors that influence membership in the low trajectory (e.g., parental attitudes toward alcohol use, family religion, parental alcohol use) […] possibly also explain why adolescents follow an early-onset trajectory. Significant shared environmental influences were found in regard to the low and early-onset trajectories, but not in regard to the normative increasing trajectory. This suggests that shared environmental factors play a major role in affecting the onset of alcohol use, either delaying (as in the low trajectory) or promoting (as in the early-onset trajectory) its initiation.» (p. 1209-1210)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«This study had two aims. First, to generate trajectories of welfare receipt […] in a sample of boys from low-income backgrounds. Second, to examine the longitudinal association between five prevalent kindergarten behaviors – inattention, hyperactivity, aggression, opposition, and prosociality – and trajectories of welfare receipt, after adjustment for IQ [intelligence quotient] and family adversity.» (p. 2)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Participants in this study were part of a longitudinal study of male antisocial behavior started in 1984 (Nagin and Tremblay, 2001). The boys (n=1040) were recruited from Caucasian French-speaking families and assessed by kindergarten teachers when they were aged 5–6 years while attending one of 53 schools in the poorest neighborhoods of Montreal, Canada. Participants with at least three tax returns between age 19–36 years were included in the study (n=1000; 96.2%).» (p. 2)

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

Results show that «[w]hile more than two thirds received little or no welfare support through early adulthood, nearly one in 10 followed a trajectory of chronic receipt with the probability of receiving support rising from around 80% at age 19 years to almost 100% by 36 years. Chronic welfare receipt was predicted by teacher-ratings of inattention at age 6 years, after adjustment for the child’s IQ and family adversity. Hyperactivity, opposition, aggression, and prosociality were not independently associated with trajectories of higher welfare receipt. Overall, the relative risk ratio effect sizes were the largest for family adversity followed by child IQ and inattention.» (p. 4) Indeed, «[f]amily adversity at age 6 years was by far the strongest predictor of a child’s future welfare receipt. This finding is consistent with a rich literature documenting the association between childhood poverty and poor social and economic outcomes in adulthood […], and as such is unsurprising. But the finding underscores, once again, the importance of reducing childhood adversity as a means of enhancing the life prospects of children and strengthening social and economic participation.» (p. 7)