Résultats de recherche

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
The aim of this study is to «assess the links between EXT [externalizing traits] from early childhood to adolescence and adolescent alcohol and cannabis use.» (p. 888)

Questions/Hypothèses :
The authors «tested the following hypotheses. First, if a liability to EXT is an enduring risk trait, [they] expected externalizing features to be fairly stable from early childhood to adolescence. Second, [they] hypothesized that high EXT from early childhood to adolescence would predict alcohol and cannabis use frequency at age 16 and an earlier age of alcohol use onset (AAO) controlling for FH+ [family history of substance use problems], sensation seeking, FF [family functioning], socioeconomic status, and prenatal substance exposure. Third, in line with previous research, [they] predicted a significant association between FH+, a reflection of both genetic risk and familial–environmental risk, and adolescent substance use. It has been proposed that this familial risk to substance use problems could reflect the transmission of a general liability that increases the risk of a broad spectrum of externalizing disorders in offspring rather than a specific disease (such as SUD [substance use disorder]). In this regard, [they] predicted that EXT during childhood and/or adolescence would mediate the association between parental substance use problems and offspring adolescent substance use. Finally, since sensation seeking has been proposed as being separable from other impulsive traits, [the authors] predicted that it would provide a unique and independent contribution to the model after controlling for EXT and other individual, familial and environmental variables.» (p. 889)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Participants were recruited from the first wave of the ongoing Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. At inception, this sample included 572 Francophone (90%) and Anglophone (10%) families from all socioeconomic backgrounds who were part of 1,000 randomly selected families from urban areas in the 1996 Quebec birth registry.» (p. 889) «[D]ata from 242 adolescents (128 males), aged 16 years, were available for this study.» (p. 889)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«The present prospective birth cohort study found that […] high EXT scores early in life (ages 1 to 5) predict high scores later in childhood (ages 6 to 10) and adolescence (ages 11 to 16); […] early AAO was predicted by high EXT scores at ages 6 to 10 and 11 to 16, FH+, and high levels of sensation seeking at age 16; […] alcohol and cannabis use frequency at age 16 were predicted by high EXT scores at 11 to 16 years, FH+, and high sensation seeking; and […] the association between FH+ and all 3 measures of substance use (AAO, alcohol and cannabis use frequency at 16 years) was partially mediated by EXT scores at ages 11 to 16.» (p. 892) The authors «further demonstrated that the relationship between FH+ and adolescent substance use was partially mediated by EXT at ages 11 to 16. […] Those who persist with high levels of EXT throughout adolescence may carry stronger familial risks that predict later development of substance use problems.» (p. 893)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The objective of the present study [is] to examine whether the interaction between parenting practices and inhibitory control predicts the common and/or unique variance of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention, and whether this interaction supports the diathesis-stress, vantage sensitivity, or differential susceptibility model. More specifically, [the authors] tested whether inhibitory control, measured at 6 years of age, moderates the link between parenting (positive parenting observed at 4 years of age and negative parenting reported at 5 years of age) and hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention measured at 7 years of age.» (p. 911)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Participants come from a longitudinal study on the social, psychological, and cognitive development of children in Québec, Canada[.]» (p. 911) «In total, 195 mothers participated in these observations with their child (56.4% girls) and form the sample of the present study.» (p. 912)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«The present study found that positive parenting and inhibitory control interact in the prediction of the common variance of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention. Children with low inhibitory control exhibited higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity/inattention regardless of parenting practices. Children with high inhibitory control had similar levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity/inattention as those with low inhibitory control when exposed to lower levels of positive parenting, but had lower levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity/inattention when exposed to higher levels of positive parenting. This interaction supported the vantage sensitivity model, which posits that some individuals show an increased sensitivity to positive experiences exclusively. The findings of this study suggest that a targeted prevention approach could be particularly efficient to reduce the risk of developing ADHD [attention deficit hyperactivity disorder] symptoms. Inhibitory control would be the intervention target when it is low, but when it is high, parenting would be the intervention target.» (p. 919)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«The Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study (MILES) of low socioeconomic status boys was initiated in 1984 and included a randomised prevention programme delivered over a 2-year period when boys were aged 7–9 years. The programme targeted disruptive behaviours and included two main components: social skills training for the boys at school and training for parents during family visits. […] Thus, the aims of the present study were to conduct a secondary analyses and examine the long-term intervention effects on adolescent substance use and whether these effects are explained by a reduction of risk factors targeted by the intervention, in accordance with either the behavioural dysregulation or the social deviance models.» (p. 188)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«Thus, of the 172 participants included for analysis in the current study, 46 boys and their parents took part in the intervention, 42 were assigned as controls and 84 were assigned to an intensive observation group.» (p. 189) Les participants ont été recruités à Montréal.

Instruments :
- Self-Reported Antisociality Questionnaire (SRAQ)
- Social Behavior Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«[T]his is the first study to show that an intervention targeting disruptive behaviours, impulsivity, parental supervision and affiliation with deviant peers can have lasting effects on substance use experimentation across adolescence. Moreover, the present study contributes to our knowledge of developmental pathways to substance use, by clarifying the explanatory pathways to substance use behaviour in adolescence. Most importantly, findings provide support for the growing body of literature showing the promise of selective prevention programmes in the prevention of substance use problems, and shows the benefit of targeting known early risk factors for substance use.» (p. 194)