Résultats de recherche

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
The objective of this study is «[t]o determine whether neighborhood characteristics or socioeconomic status are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in young children.» (p. 789)

Questions/Hypothèses :
The hypothesis proposed by the authors is as follow: «[...] children with OSA would come from more disadvantaged neighbourhoods than those without OSA.» (p. 789)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«In this [...] study, we compared residential census tract metrics in Montreal, Canada for 436 children aged 2-8 years who were evaluated for OSA, hypothesizing that the children with proven OSA (OSA group; n = 300) would come from more disadvantaged neighborhoods compared with those children without OSA (no OSA group; n = 136). Children who had undergone previous adenotonsillectomy and those with comorbid disorders were excluded from the analysis.» (p. 789)

Instruments :
Questionnaire

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

«In the present study, we compared the neighborhood characteristics of children referred to our pediatric sleep laboratory who were either diagnosed with OSA or found to not have OSA.» (p. 789) «Compared with the no OSA group, the OSA group lived in census tracts with lower median family incomes, higher proportions of children living below the Canadian low-income cut off (indicating poverty), higher proportions of single-parent families, and greater population densities. The highest probability of having OSA was seen in children referred from the most disadvantaged census tracts and was due primarily to moderate/severe OSA. Group differences remained significant when adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and obesity. [...] Compared with the children without OSA, those with OSA were more likely to reside in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Future studies should examine whether these results can be replicated in other settings, especially those with large socioeconomic disparities.» (p. 789)

1. Objectifs

Intentions :
« In the following paper, we [...] examine the ways in which individual health may be influenced by virtue of their social embeddedness. » (p. 425)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
« This paper draws from narrative analysis of interviews with a national group of 26 First Nation and Inuit Community Health Representatives (CHRs), which occurred in 2005 [in all provinces of Canada]. » (p. 425)

Instruments:
Guide d’entretien semi-directif

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse de contenu

3. Résumé

« Within the Aboriginal health literature, there has been little critical analysis of the means through which social ties influence health at the individual, family and community levels. First Nation and Inuit communities are highly integrated places and the social structures of these communities are often quite complex, mainly because community members are so interconnected through family, work and politics, among other social structures. The results of our analysis suggest it is through the normalization of negative health behaviours by family, friends and greater community that poor health is proliferated in the community contexts of the First Nation and Inuit CHRs [Community Health Representatives] who participated in this study. The poor material circumstances that tend to characterize these communities add yet another layer of complexity to this relationship, as it significantly reduces the autonomy of individuals to make choices that run counter to prevailing norms. In this context, opportunities for change may be stifled as individuals are bound by limited income and dependence on family and/or community resources. Research, policy and interventions must therefore pay close attention to the social context within which health behaviours and material circumstances interact to influence health outcomes among First Nation and Inuit communities. » (p. 1432)