1. Objectifs

Intentions :
«In this paper, [the authors] first document the evolution of gender norms in Canada from 1990 to 2014 […].» (p. 1669) Then, they «investigate the existence of the discontinuity in the distribution of the relative income of heterosexual married couples in Canada.» (p. 1669)

2. Méthode

Échantillon/Matériau :
«To document gender norms in Canada, [the authors] use three different data sets: the European Value Study (EVS; 2015), the World Value Survey (WVS; Inglehart et al. 2014) and the International Social Survey Program, (ISSP; ISSP Research Group 2014, 1994), which are three large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programs. Canadian data are available only on the 1990 wave of the EVS, the 2000 and 2005–2008 waves of the WVS and the 1994 and 2014 waves of the ISSP.» (p. 1670) Then, the authors «investigate the existence of a discontinuity in the distribution of the relative income of women in married households that is the share of the household income earned by the wife. [They] use the census data of 2006 and 2016. [They] restrict the data to heterosexual married couples aged 18 to 65 where both members earn positive labour market earnings.» (p. 1678)

Instruments :
Questionnaires

Type de traitement des données :
Analyse statistique

3. Résumé

The results show that Canadian women hold less than half of the share of income in their households. The authors «believe that this [...] may be linked to gender identity and the traditional belief that the husband should have a higher income than his wife in order to preserve the traditional structure of the household. [They] document that traditional gender norms are prevalent in Canada as one quarter of Canadians do not disagree with the statement that ''Men’s job is to earn money, women’s job is to look after home.'' Compliance to gender identity may then prevent some couples from forming and encourage others to divorce. It may also impact time use behaviour of women when their income exceeds the income of their husband.» (p. 1681-1682) The authors also note that «the province of Quebec appears relatively less traditional than the others.» (p. 1674)